Malaysia free essay sample

Malaysia has been perceived by the world as a model for other plural social orders. The idea of ‘unity in diversity’ is constantly demanded by the pioneers. The idea is presently bolstered with the ‘1 Malaysia’ idea which is presented by the present Prime Minister. The Malaysian government is constantly invested amounts of energy to guarantee the solidarity among the individuals on the grounds that the solidarity is significant for national solidarity. The national solidarity will guarantee the country’s thriving and the success will make national mix. The solidarity and combination is a definitive point of improvement. Solidarity can be characterized as a procedure of shaping a national personality among different gatherings that have contrasts in convictions, societies, customs, governmental issues, social, monetary capacities and area into a political element. WHAT ARE THE OBSTACLES THAT FACED BY THE GOV. IN IMPOSTING UNITY ON ITS CITIZEN? Accomplishing national joining isn't a simple assignment, however endeavors must go on. We will compose a custom exposition test on Malaysia or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page This is because of the presence of monetary, social, social, private and world view among the individuals. Along these lines, the Malaysian government since the autonomy of the nation has invested unlimited amounts of energy towards accomplishing the national joining. By and large, there are three fundamental impediments that the nation needs to face and resolve. They are bias and, communalism Prejudice Do you realize what partiality is? It alludes to the mentality towards others dependent on confirmations which isn't concrete and may not be right. In Malaysia setting, this sort of pre-critical demeanor despite everything exists among races despite the fact that much positive data is given. Prejudice Communalism alludes to the disposition of preferring one’s own ethnic gathering. This sort of feeling is likewise common in Malaysia. For instance, the ideological groups that exist in Malaysia are still on ethnic base. The national belief system has five standards: (i)Belief in God (ii)Loyalty to King and Country (iii)Nobleness of the Constitution (iv)Sovereignty of the Law (v)Courtesy and Decency all in all, the targets of the national philosophy are: (i)To accomplish a more prominent solidarity among the individuals (ii)To keep up majority rule lifestyle National Service Develop a youthful age who are energetic and with adoration and dedication for their nation Enhance solidarity among the multi-racial networks in the nation New Economic Policy (NEP) NEP is a monetary methodology by the administration. It was presented in 1970 after the racial mob of 13 May 1969. The primary explanation that caused the mob is because of financial explanation in which there was wide monetary hole between the races particularly between the Malays and Chinese. The NEP is considered as a monetary turn of events and national solidarity program in a multiracial society. Accordingly, the NEP was acquainted with obliterate the financial hole between individuals in country and town zone. In the event that we look top to bottom, there was irregularity of riches dissemination between the races and individuals that have been referenced previously. Other than that, before the mob of 1969 up to the NEP, races were recognized through their monetary capacity. For instance, the Chinese were perceived as dealers and businesspeople since they commanded the financial exercises, the Malays as ranchers since they lived in rustic zones and the Indians as domain works since they lived in bequests. In light of this circumstance, the NEP was made as such with two dimensional point: * To diminish and destroy neediness by expanding salary and openings for work to all residents without taking a gander at their races * To rebuild networks so as to decrease and delete the recognizable proof of races through monetary capacity National Education Policy Since freedom, numerous instructive reports have been executed so as to join together and coordinate the individuals. During the British pioneer, they didn't have an unmistakable instruction strategy. They permitted training to form into four isolated streams which depended on ethnicity †English, Malay, Chinese and Tamil. Every one of the streams had its own destinations, prospectus (ordinarily taken from their nation of inception), educating measures. The Chinese for instance, utilized Chinese language as the mechanism of guidance and youngsters were presented to the historical backdrop of China. Malayan history was completely barred from the schedule similarly the Tamil school. This happened on account of the separation and rule strategy of the British who would not like to see the individuals joined together. In their eyes, when individuals joined together, all races would against them. After the thrashing of Japanese in the World War II, the British returned to control the nation. The neighborhood heads put onto them strain to smooth out the training framework so as to advance racial solidarity. Advancing the utilization of national language In the Main Provisions of the Constitution, Malay language is made as the national language of the nation. It is utilized to advance solidarity among the individuals. Scarcely any sayings have been made to advance solidarity through the national language, for example, ‘Language is the Soul of the Nation’ (Bahasa Jiwa Bangsa) and ‘Language Unite the nation’ (Bahasa Menyatukan Bangsa). To have the option to impart and associate agreeably between various races, Malaysians are additionally urged to learn and to communicate in the dialects of different races in the nation from youthful age. Ideological groups union The reality of the administration to guarantee the solidarity can be seen from the beginning period of the ‘birth’ of Malaysia. Pioneers in the past, for example, TAR and the others contended so energetically to get the freedom of Malaysia. The pioneers from the significant three races I. e Malays, Chinese and Indians had stepped up and structure partnership among the ideological groups that speak to those three races. Thus, National Front (Barisan National) that is a union between UMNO, MIC and MCA was built up in 1951. Till today, the Barisan National even won the thirteenth General Election! As you would like to think, HOW UNITY CAN BE INTERGRATED INTO US MALAYSIANS? As I would see it, since solidarity is the foundation of the solidness of our nation, it must be asked that solidarity must be coordinated by all the residents of Malaysia. National solidarity can be incorporated through the act of equivalent rights. Like what Abraham Lincoln stated, all men are equivalent under the steady gaze of the law. At the point when this demonstration is completed, the greater part and minority races will get equivalent treatment in any type of help that is being given out. On the off chance that it neglects to complete, inadmissible and outrage will be felt by the â€Å"discriminated† gatherings and thusly, racial issues will occurred and upset the country’s advancement. National solidarity in Malaysia is certainly significant as a nation can't advance without the co-activity of the individuals in the nation. Then again, the legislature ought to force heavier disciplines on those individuals who are executing their rowdy demonstrations which are associated with detest and bigotry. Disciplines like prison him for attempting to disturb the harmony in the nation ought to be forced on those transgressors. It is basic for this activity to be completed in light of the fact that once these disciplines are being executed; individuals who are endeavoring to do their tentative arrangements will reconsider before they do it. The second these demonstrations of hogwash stop, harmony will indeed be in our adored country. Another approach to coordinate national solidarity in our nation is by having politically stable nation. The political gatherings in our nation as of late are as a rule extremely serious to frame the administration as opposed to having the people’s government assistance on a basic level. Ideological groups in our property ought to be progressively worried about the citizens’ hardships that they are confronting each day. By doing that, not just the ideological group will contribute tremendously to the reconciliation of national solidarity, yet it will likewise pick up the trust of the residents to choose the specific party to speak to them as a country. The specific party should likewise place their central core into this as national solidarity is the spine to our country’s solidness and respectability. To wrap things up, national solidarity can be accomplished when guardians and gatekeepers assume their parts as good examples and not choose not to see towards this pestilence that is tormenting most nations. Gatekeepers and guardians ought to never scrutinize individuals of different races before their kids. As indicated by an examination made by kid specialists, youngsters for the most part follow the qualities and mentality of their folks or watchmen. This is the fundamental motivation behind why guardians and gatekeepers ought to consistently be a guide to their youngsters so when their kids grow up, they will no longer have the mindset that their ethnicity is consistently over different races with regards to studies, sports or individual capacities. Decision It isn't an uncertainty that national solidarity is significant in our nation. The significance of making and keeping up solidarity and coordination can't be undermined. National solidarity and joining is essential for Malaysian on the off chance that they need to live in harmony and concordance. It is the unparalleled thing that keeps we all bound together, permitting us to live with each other in harmony and congruity. National solidarity is, obviously, conceivable and attainable however it must be gotten bit by bit. As it passes by the adage, Rome wan’t worked in a day. In this manner, we should all cooperate for a superior Malaysia.

Choose any company and describe its multinational business aspects Essay

Pick any organization and portray its global business angles - Essay Example In any case, global organizations face pundits of dirtying the earth and paying neighborhood work inadequately. Simultaneously, they face pundits of misusing the assets of occupant nations and sending the benefits to their parent nations. Worldwide organizations work on the ideas of worldwide business including worldwide setting and friends procedure. In reality, globalization assumes a significant job in the accomplishment of a worldwide organization. The multifaceted nature of working a worldwide organization is extremely clear where just about 1% of every single American organization had branches outside US by 2004. The methodology of a worldwide organization may include converging with parent organizations who have set up conveyance system and client base. If there should arise an occurrence of a merger, it turns out to be difficult to adjust the two national premiums and the premiums of the financial specialists. All things considered, the part of globalization isn't perfect in that most organizations are more established in their parent nations where their clients, speculators, providers, and workers dwell. All things considered, for them to stay above water, they receive a cosmopolitan methodology that orders t hem to adjust to the distinctive market elements in variation nations. This influences the organization procedure that returns to adjustment than development. It likewise influences the association of the organization that needs to decrease the outside contrasts and deal with the authoritative separation (Ghemawat 92-99). They will similarly need to pass the cosmopolitan way to deal with their clients and investors. Microsoft, Sony, Starbucks, and Coca cola are fruitful worldwide organizations. Microsoft Corporation is the universes biggest programming global organization situated in Redmond, Washington, United States. Microsoft manages figuring items where it is the biggest PC producer, engineer, and licensor. The organization utilizes the part of globalization in business where it works in more than in excess of 135 unique

Magical Attic Garden Coloring Page

Magical Attic Garden Coloring Page A coloring page that blends large and small objects for hand control Crystal Cat is planting a garden - and children will grow their pre-writing hand and eye control by adding the color needed to help this garden bloom! This coloring page from The Magical Attic features objects of various sizes that help build the fine motor control and visual acuity needed for pre-writing. BCP Imagines BCP Imagines BCP Imagines designs and develops unique multimedia that brings children and their families creative, fun, shared experiences. Our award-winning cross-platform content encourages creative learning, expression and play while helping kids of ALL ages open their imaginations and look at their world in a new way. BCP Imagines' multi-award winning series Drawing with Mark brings the joy of learning to draw to all ages. The Magical Attic?, where anything is possible,? was created to help foster imagination and creative play while encouraging positive attitudes emphasizing the important lessons of kindness, friendship and helping others. Visit the Magical Attic store or purchase the Drawing with Mark collection!

Teaching Children to Count

A childs first teacher is their parent. Children are often exposed to their earliest math skills by their parents. When children are young, parents use food and toys as a vehicle to get their children to count or  recite numbers. The focus tends to be on rote counting, always starting at number one rather than the understanding the concepts of counting. As parents feed their children, they will refer to one, two, and three as they give their child another spoonful or another piece of food or when they refer to building blocks and other toys. All of this is fine, but counting requires more than a simple rote approach whereby children memorize numbers in a chant-like fashion. Most of us forget how we learned the many concepts or principles of counting. Principles Behind Learning to Count Although weve given names to the concepts behind counting, we dont actually use these names when teaching young learners. Rather, we make observations and focus on the concept. Sequence: Children need to understand that regardless of which number they use for a starting point, the counting system has a sequence.Quantity or Conservation: The number also represents the group of objects regardless of size or distribution. Nine blocks spread all over the table are the same as nine blocks stacked on top of each other. Regardless of the placement of the objects or how theyre counted (order irrelevance), there are still nine objects. When developing this concept with young learners, its important to begin with pointing to or touching each object as the number is being said. The child needs to understand that the last number is the symbol used to represent the number of objects. They also need to practice counting the objects from bottom to top or left to right to discover that order is irrelevant--regardless of how the items are counted, the number will remain constant.Counting Can Be Abstract: This may raise an eyebrow but have you ever asked a child to count the number of times youve thought about getting a task done? Some things that can be counted arent tangible. Its like counting dreams, thoughts or ideas--they can be counted but its a mental ​and not tangible process.Cardinality: When a child is counting a collection, the last item in the collection is the amount of the collection. For instance, if a child counts 1,2,3,4,5,6, 7 marbles, knowing that the last number represents the number of marbles in the collection is cardinality. When a child is prompted  to recount the marbles how many marbles there are, the child doesnt yet have cardinality. To support this concept, children need to be encouraged to count sets of objects and then probed for how many are in the set. The child needs to remember the last number represents the quantity of the set. Cardinality and quantity are related to counting concepts.Unitizing: Our number system groups objects into 10 once 9 is reached. We use a base 10 system whereby a 1 will represent ten , one hundred, one thousand, etc. Of the counting principles, this one tends to cause the greatest amount of difficulty for children. Note We’re  sure youll never look at counting quite the same way when working with your children. More importantly, always keep blocks, counters, coins or buttons to ensure that you are teaching the counting principles concretely. The symbols wont mean anything without the concrete items to back them up.

Business Macroeconomics - 1375 Words

Business Macro-Economics Question A: GDP 1. GDP is the market value of all goods and services produced within a country over a given period of time; it is primarily used to gauge a countrys economy and is also viewed as the size of the economy at a particular period of time. Moreover, GDP is a comparison made between the previous year and the current year to check the countrys economic growth over time. However, measuring GDP is complicated but at its most basic, its calculation is done by either adding up everyones yearly earnings or adding up what everyone spent; logically both measures lead to the same total (United States Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2009). The basic formula for calculating the GDP is; Y = C + I + E + G C =1000; I =200; E =300 and G =250 Y = 1000 + 200 + 300 + 250 = 1750 Y = 1750 2. Whenever a countrys exports exceed imports, then it will add to the GDP but if imports are more than the exports it subtracts from the GDP. More exports by a country increases the foreign income flow to the country which has the effect of increasing the GDP while elevated levels of imports increases the countrys foreign debts which has the effect of lowering the GDP. If we are able to increase our domestic energy production which allows us to import less oil from foreign countries, then it would positively impact the nations GDP. Question B: Inflation 1. Rising inflation and prices has the effect of increasing the inflation rate. Inflation isShow MoreRelatedMacroeconomic Variables Affecting a Business Environment2192 Words   |  9 PagesCHAPTER 1 QUESTION: IDENTIFY AND EXPLAIN TEN (10) MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES AFFECTING A NAMED BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT. HOW CAN THESE BE REGULATED? INTRODUCTION In todays world, no business operates in isolation without interacting with the environment where it operates. 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How to Effectively Manage Leadership Free Essays

string(132) " personnel and facilities such as offices, equipment and tools and modern technology to achieve the objectives of the organization\." How to Effectively Manage Leadership [H. D. Williams] [Touro University Worldwide] Executive Summary The paper identifies the key points that Peter Topping has discussed in his book â€Å"Managerial Leadership†. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Effectively Manage Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now This book is a guide for those who needs to build an effective leadership strategy. As Peter says that the management process involves the formulation of effective management systems right process for their application, have the right people with the right qualifications to manage and continuously improve systems to adapt to changing work environment. The major theme underlie in the book is that the managerial competence is necessary for laying the foundation for a very successful and flourishing career, however, it is a fact that demonstrated leadership skills are important to push the leader up to the organizational ladder and goals How to Effectively Manage Leadership Introduction The leadership is a feature of any organization, the axis motor of the same. It is therefore important that any person that performs in the business develop leadership skills. According to Allen, (2008) the leader is the people comprising the action, who converts followers into leaders and who can become agents of change. Leadership ability has been identified as one of the central features determinants of successful staff. In this sense, the modern world requires all those who fulfill tasks in the business sector, to be the leaders, because leadership is the key to successful and improving organizations (Allen, 2008). About The Book The book which needs to be analyzed in this project is â€Å"Managerial Leadership† written by Peter Topping. Thus, the book has identified a number of facts which can be helpful as guidance for effective leadership. It is a fact that effective management in the new millennium of competitive business environment needs a solid and efficient leadership skills for which the companies lacks to provide adequate training and development. There is a need for the Frameworks and top leadership tools for assessing leadership techniques, strengths for handling growth and change and thus, leads to make managerial leadership a veritable learning laboratory (Topping, 2001). Thesis statement The paper identifies how Peter has discussed The Role of effective management prevailing in competitive business environment in his book â€Å"Managerial Leadership†. Discussion and Analysis The book identifies a number of elements which is necessary for manage an effective management strategy. Thus, Leadership can be broadly defined as the process of inspiring, coordinating, directing, mentoring and motivating, individuals, groups of individuals, organizations, societies, or nations toward achieving goals or results. Such a simple definition hides the reality that leadership as a concept is rife with complexity and debate (Allio, 2005). More important, leadership as a field of study is vast and can be a daunting domain of study for newcomers to the field. Part of the challenge for people studying and researching leadership is the high volume of leadership theories and perspectives available (Buus, 2005). Leadership in the new economy with its constant changes required to have an ability to adapt to new emerging business model, maintaining constancy of purpose and core values. This ability increases if the leaders make deliberate choices consistent with the values and beliefs of the company. Therefore, today’s struggling economy is in need of an effective leadership development strategy (Buus, 2005). A simple search of the word leadership will yield several thousand articles and publications on leadership written by academic scholars. As such, any attempt to define and summarize leadership will be a complex endeavor that will never fully capture and account for the concept of leadership. The aim of this encyclopedic entry, therefore, is to provide a general overview of leadership specific to organization studies for the novice reader. Major Theme The major theme underlie in the book is that the managerial competence is necessary for laying the foundation for a very successful and flourishing career, however, it is a fact that demonstrated leadership skills are important to push the leader up to the organizational ladder and goals (Topping, 2001). Based in part on Dr. Peter Topping’s experience as managing director of the Goizueta Institute for Corporate Learning and Research, a cross-disciplinary think tank created to advance the cause of leaders and leadership, this challenging and illuminating book provides: †¢ A proven, four-tiered approach to becoming a more effective leader †¢ Tools for developing coaching, teaching, and mentoring skills †¢ Methods to determine and strengthen effective leadership behaviors Management process is to take care of your business processes in the best possible way to improve performance. The management process involves the formulation of effective management systems right process for their application, have the right people with the right qualifications to manage and continuously improve systems to adapt to changing work environments (Topping, 2001). While it may be true that managers facilitate while leaders initiate, both skills remain valuable in today’s workplace. Thus, from Managerial Leadership we find how to combine management and leadership into a dynamic approach for demonstrating effective leadership in any company or industry. Leadership Development Numerous studies have led to the same conclusion i. e. organizations that invest in leadership development are more effective than organizations that do not. Periods of economic instability only intensifies this effect. The latest study shows that all companies that have successfully gone through times of crisis have a clear strategy for leadership development. Investments, especially in a crisis, not only recovered but also brought profits. Research shows that the companies believe that it is more important to invest in the development of leadership in times of recession. Such companies not only survived but became stronger than their competitors. Studies show that investments in leadership development can: †¢ Improve the financial performance of companies †¢ Contribute to attracting and retaining talent †¢ Stimulate the development and maintenance of culture results (performance culture) †¢ Increase the agility of organizations (Topping, 2001). Effective Management Process management can effectively transform your business from failure to success in a short time. This means that you make good use of available resources in the organization such as money, personnel and facilities such as offices, equipment and tools and modern technology to achieve the objectives of the organization. You read "How to Effectively Manage Leadership" in category "Essay examples" Knowledge is also something very important for an organization and must be well managed through effective process management. Effective process management will manifest through a business has improved, increased profits, satisfied customers, motivated employees, willing to go extra miles and improve their skills and a new workplace business (Allio, 2005). Thus, important features to be identified are as under: Instruments to ensure effective management Protected areas are instruments to achieve the objectives of nature conservation. As such instruments require human, material and financial resources, and procedures to achieve their goals. To improve the means and processes to achieve effective management, will develop six lines of work. Adequacy of management structures Success in meeting the objectives for declaring protected areas depends on many factors, some internal systems themselves nature conservation and many other external. The adequacy of the management structures of the areas and systems of protected areas is the basis for effectively achieving its goals. Quality Management for Conservation The nature conservation is a priority of the protected natural areas. As the active management progresses, it becomes necessary to develop tools to improve information sharing, standardize procedures, and evaluate the effectiveness of actions. Quality management of public use and tourism Progress has been made n improving the quality of public use and tourism in protected areas (two good examples are the Q for quality of services offered to visitors, and the European Charter for Sustainable Tourism as a joint project between managers and tourism professionals). There are several manuals to guide and establish benchmarks for the management of public use. It is time to consolidate and improve where necessary, the quality of these services (Topping, 2001). Quality management for economic development The integration of socio-economic development objectives of protected areas has progressed over the years through the implementation of development plans and implementation of initiatives with the business of the territory as marks of quality products and services associated to the parks. According to Peter, the laws of rural development and biodiversity provide a favorable scenario to promote good development practices in terms of sustainability. Evaluation of Management Effectiveness Protected areas are incorporating monitoring as an essential part of evaluating the effectiveness of management and the systematic collection of information and outreach through management reports. Leadership and Management Leadership as a concept in its broadest sense refers in essence to the one that brought forward the fundamental in the governance process and then, there is overlap between the concept of leadership and management. Thus, as the first is one of the components of the administrative process as several other elements of which (organization, planning, implementation and monitoring and follow-up). They also overlaps the other hand, comes in the context of the similarity in performance since both of them refers to the organization of group activity to achieve certain goals, as well as from that, the success of management is linked to a large extent the nature of leadership so the need for management capacity and presidents of qualified people with learning and creativity does not almost equivalent (Topping, 2001). The relationship management leadership management is not one year to the private, but it lies in the nature of each of the term management refers more to the policies, procedures and organizational tructure of any aspects of the technical and organizational while the driving means in particular profile of any humanitarian and short, that the administration is broader than leadership that is driving to one of the functions and tasks of management Developing Talent According to Peter, talent is now considered a competitive advantage: it is what differentiates successful companies from the rest. The task then is to identify: What is the talent of their workers? Talent is an asset to be managed effectively if you want to succeed in the market and also remain in the right place at the right time (Buus, 2005). While it is intangible, this is achieved by workers’ performance and superior results that some of them, with great effort, manage to achieve. Talent is a strategic asset (scarce, valuable and unique) to be managed appropriately in the context of corporate strategy. Organizations can develop talent through: †¢ Design jobs, positions and business roles from the competencies and skills that are required in order to get the most out of it. †¢ Focus on developing leadership talent †¢ Motivate employees constantly Train your employees on the latest techniques, technologies and working methods †¢ Place employees in working jobs suited to their skills and competencies (Allio, pp: 1071-7). These practices are an outstanding for the leadership growth and can be used in leadership growth programs in various organizations. The ability of leaders is becoming scarce therefore; developing individuals internally is becoming more and more significant (Allio, 2005). Accordi ng to Peter, there are many leadership practices that work as guidelines and can be incorporated in an organization to achieve success. Some of them include: Strong executive engagement, tailored leadership competencies, alignment with business strategy, target all levels of leadership, apply a comprehensive and ongoing approach and integrate with talent management (Topping, 2001). Other than these practices a leader may establish his own practices that may help him in achieving organizational goals. Conclusion Leadership growth is best planned and enforced when it takes place as a procedure implanted inside the organizational policy. This has significances for both the invention of â€Å"plans† and â€Å"procedures† (i. e. , numerous stages, numerous learning skills, constantly retreating to the requirements of the business). A leader is not born overnight. Often it takes time for an individual to become a leader, and even after evolving a leader there is more to learn in alignment to become a productive leader. Leading by example is a mighty procedure. Leaders must possess the qualities they are seeking to incorporate into their team (Topping, 2001). Rather than understanding leadership as a position or an inherent trait, leadership is understood as an activity or process that involves the development of certain skills or capacities. While leadership differs in many ways from management, it is imperative that both functions exist and complement one another. Leadership is ultimately what will lead to innovation and positive change, and management assists in this process. To address the complex and adaptive challenges our society is facing today and will face in the future, we must find new ways to view leadership and engage in leadership in our organizations. Thus, through the book â€Å"Managerial Leadership†, one can get the guide, strategies and tools that is required for implementing and cultivating a string and successful leadership organization and therefore, lead to develop one’s own valuable leadership efficiency and effectiveness (Topping, 2001). References Allen, S. , Hartman, N. (2008), â€Å"Leadership development: an exploration of sources of learning†, Advanced Management Journal, Vol. 73 No. 1, pp. 10-62. Allio, R. J. (2005), â€Å"Leadership development: teaching versus learning†, Management Decision, Vol. 3 No. 7/8, pp. 1071-7. Burke, V. , Collins, D. (2005), â€Å"Optimizing the effects of leadership development programmers†, Management Decision, Vol. 43 No. 7/8, pp. 975-87. Buus, I. (2005), â€Å"The evolution of leadership development: challenges and best practice†, Industrial and Commercial Training, Vol. 37 No. 4/5, pp. 185-8. Peter A. Topping, (2001), Managerial Leadership, Publisher: McGraw-Hill; 1 edition (December 26, 2001), ISBN-13: 978-0071375238 Yukl, G. A. (2006), Leadership in Organizations, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall. How to cite How to Effectively Manage Leadership, Essay examples

International Law Essays (2577 words) - International Trade

International Law International law is the body of legal rules that apply between sovereign states and such other entities as have been granted international personality (status acknowledged by the international community). The rules of international law are of a normative character, that is, they prescribe towards conduct, and are potentially designed for authoritative interpretation by an international judicial authority and by being capable of enforcement by the application of external sanctions. The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, which succeeded the Permanent Court of International Justice after World War II. Article 92 of the charter of the United Nations states: The International Court of justice shall be the principal judicial organ of the United nations. It shall function in accordance with the annexed Statute, which is based upon the Statute of the Permanent court of International Justice and forms an integral part of the present Charter. The commands of international law must be those that the states impose upon themselves, as states must give consent to the commands that they will follow. It is a direct expression of raison d'etat, the "interests of the state", and aims to serve the state, as well as protect the state by giving its rights and duties. This is done through treaties and other consensual engagements which are legally binding. The case-law of the ICJ is an important aspect of the UN's contribution to the development of international law. It's judgements and advisory opinions permeates into the international legal community not only through its decisions as such but through the wider implications of its methodology and reasoning. The successful resolution of the border dispute between Burkina Faso and Mali in the 1986 Frontier Dispute case illustrates the utility of judicial decision as a means of settlement in territorial disputes. The case was submitted to a Chamber of the ICJ pursuant to a special agreement concluded by the parties in 1983. In December 1985, while written submissions were being prepared, hostilities broke out in the disputed area. A cease-fire was agreed, and the Chamber directed the continued observance of the cease-fire, the withdrawal of troops within twenty days, and the avoidance of actions tending to aggravate the dispute or prejudice its eventual resolution. Both Presidents publicly welcomed the judgement and indicated their intention to comply with it. In the Fisheries Jurisdiction case (United Kingdom v. Iceland, 1974) the ICJ contributed to the firm establishment in law of the idea that mankind needs to conserve the living resources of the sea and must respect these resources. The Court observed: It is one of the advances in maritime international law, resulting from the intensification of fishing, that the former laissez-faire treatment of the living resources of the sea in the high seas has been replaced by a recognition of a duty to have due regard of the rights of other States and the needs of conservation for the benefit of all. Consequently, both parties have the obligation to keep inder review the fishery resources in the disputed waters and to examine together, in the light of scientific and other available information, the measures required for the conservation and development, and equitable exploitation, of these resources, taking into account any international agreement in force between them, such as the North-East Atlantic Fisheries Convention of 24 January 1959, as well as such other agreements as may be reached in the matter in the course of further negotiation. The Court also held that the concept of preferential rights in fisheries is not static. This is not to say that the preferential rights of a coastal State in a special situation are a static concept, in the sense that the degree of the coastal State's preference is to be considered as for ever at some given moment. On the contrary, the preferential rights are a function of the exceptional dependence of such a coastal State on the fisheries in adjacent waters and may, therefore, vary as the extent of that dependence changes. The Court's judgement on this case contributes to the development of the law of the sea by recognizing the concept of the preferential rights of a coastal state in the fisheries of the adjacent waters, particularly if that state is in a special situation with its population dependent on those fisheries. Moreover, the Court proceeds further to recognise that the law pertaining to fisheries must accept the primacy of the requirement of conservation based on scientific data. The exercise of preferential rights of the coastal state, as well as the hisoric rights of other states

Cervantes Quotes in Spanish With Translations

Cervantes Quotes in Spanish With Translations Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra (1547-1616) is by far the most famous Spanish author, and his international influence on literature rivals that of his British contemporary, William Shakespeare. Here are some of the most well-known sayings and quotes that are attributed to him; note that not all translations are word for word: Cervantes Quotes About Love and Friendship Amor y deseo son dos cosas diferentes; que no todo lo que se ama se desea, ni todo lo que se desea se ama. (Love and desire are two different things; not everything that is loved is desired, and not everything that is desired is loved.) Amistades que son ciertas nadie las puede turbar. (Nobody can disrupt true friendship.) Puede haber amor sin celos, pero no sin temores. (There can be love without jealousy, but not without fear.) Cervantes Quotes About Gratitude La ingratitud es la hija de la soberbia. (Ingratitude is the daughter of pride.) Entre los pecados mayores que los hombres cometen, aunque algunos dicen que es la soberbia, yo digo que es el desagradecimiento, atenià ©ndome a lo que suele decirse: que de los desagradecidos est lleno el infierno. (Of the worst sins that people commit, although some says its pride, I say it is ingratitude. As the saying goes, hell is filled with the ungrateful.) Cervantes Quotes About Living Wisely Una onza de buena fama vale ms que una libra de perlas. (An ounce of good reputation is worth more than a pound of pearls.) El ver mucho y el leer mucho avivan los ingenios de los hombres. (Seeing much and reading much sharpens ones ingenuity.) Lo que poco cuesta aà ºn se estima menos. (What costs little is valued even less.) El hacer bien a villanos es echar agua en la mar. (Doing good for low-lifes is throwing water in the sea.) No hay ningà ºn viaje malo, excepto el que conduce a la horca. (There is no bad trip except for the one that goes to the gallows.) No puede haber gracia donde no hay discrecià ³n. (There cannot be grace where there is no discretion.) La pluma es la lengua de la mente. (The pen is the tongue of the mind.) Quien no madruga con el sol no disfruta de la jornada. (Whoever doesnt rise with the sun wont enjoy the day.) Mientras se gana algo no se pierde nada. (As long as something is earned nothing is lost.) El que no sabe gozar de la ventura cuando le viene, no debe quejarse si se pasa. (He who doesnt know how to enjoy good fortune when it comes to him shouldnt complain when it passes him by.) Cervantes Quotes About Beauty Hay dos maneras de hermosura: una del alma y otra del cuerpo; la del alma campea y se muestra en el entendimiento, en la honestidad, en el buen proceder, en la liberalidad y en la buena crianza, y todas estas partes caben y pueden estar en un hombre feo; y cuando se pone la mira en esta hermosura, y no en la del cuerpo, suele nacer el amor con à ­mpetu y con ventajas. (There are two kinds of beauty: one of the soul and the other of the body; that of the soul shows and demonstrates itself in understanding, in honesty, in good behavior, in generosity and in good breeding, and all these things can find room and exist in an ugly man; and when one looks at this type of beauty, and not bodily beauty, love is inclined to spring up forcefully and overpoweringly.) Bien veo que no soy hermoso, pero tambià ©n conozco que no soy disforme. (I see that Im not handsome, but I also know that Im not hideous.) Cervantes Quotes About Memory  ¡Oh, memoria, enemiga mortal de mi descanso! (Oh, memory, deadly enemy of my rest!) No hay recuerdo que el tiempo no borre ni pena que la muerte no acabe. (There is no memory that time doesnt erase nor any sorrow that death doesnt extinguish.) Cervantes Quotes About Foolishness Ms vale una palabra a tiempo que cien a destiempo. (One word at the right time is more valuable that 100 words at the wrong time.) El ms tonto sabe ms en su casa que el sabio en la ajena. (The most foolish person knows more in his home than the wise person knows in someone elses.) Cervantes Quotes Everyone Has Heard Cuando una puerta se cierra, otra se abre. (When one door is closed, another is opened.) Dijo la sartà ©n a la caldera, quà ­tate all ojinegra. (The frying pan said to the cauldron, Get out of here, black-eyed one. This is believed to be the source of the phrase the pot calling the kettle black.)

Cules son las consecuencias de un I-275 en la visa

Cules son las consecuencias de un I-275 en la visa Si un oficial de Inmigracià ³n de la CBP (Policà ­a de Fronteras y Aduanas) escribe sobre una visa I-275 e impide el ingreso a Estados Unidos esto es lo que ha tenido lugar: Se permite una retirada de la peticià ³n de ingreso y se produce el regreso inmediato al lugar de origen.La visa queda cancelada formalmente. Cunto sucede esta situacià ³n Puede suceder en casos muy distintos, como por ejemplo: La visa ya est cancelada, pero no formalmente y su titular no lo sabe y por eso vuelve a viajar a Estados Unidos. Por ejemplo, cuando un extranjero se queda ms tiempo que el permitido la visa queda sin valor automticamente pero no se notifica. En estos casos puede que por ignorancia el titular piense que todavà ­a cuenta con un visado vlido. El oficial de inmigracià ³n en un puerto de entrada (aeropuerto, puerto o frontera terrestre) considera que la persona con la visa es inadmisible, viaja con una visa que no es la adecuada para la finalidad de su viaje o cree que la persona tiene intencià ³n de violar las condiciones de la visa. Por ejemplo, trabajar en Estados Unidos cuando no est autorizado (pero pueden ser razones muy variadas, como quedarse a vivir, casarse con una visa de turista para permanecer en el paà ­s, etc). Cun mala es la situacià ³n en los casos de I-275 (retirada de la peticià ³n de ingreso) El viaje no puede continuar, ya que no se puede ingresar a los Estados Unidos y hay que regresar al paà ­s de origen. Adems la visa queda cancelada. Sin embargo, esta es una buena opcià ³n si se compara con lo otro que puede pasar: expulsià ³n inmediata, que lleva necesariamente un castigo de cinco aà ±os de espera antes de poder volver a aplicar por una visa. Retirada de peticià ³n de ingreso o expulsià ³n automtica: circunstancias que considera el oficial de Inmigracià ³n de la CBP Permitir que un extranjero realice una retirada de la peticià ³n de ingreso es un poder de decisià ³n que corresponde exclusivamente al oficial de inmigracià ³n. En otras palabras, el extranjero no puede pedirla. A la hora de determinar si brinda a un extranjero la posibilidad de permitirle que retire su peticià ³n de ingreso tiene en consideracià ³n, entre otros, los siguientes factores: Si no se le permite ingresar debido a que es inadmisible, si es posible que esa causa se arregle fcilmente (por ejemplo, en los casos en los que el problema es que falta algà ºn documento).Si previamente se ha cometido una violacià ³n migratoria, se tiene en cuenta la gravedad de la misma. No se considera igual de grave permanecer en Estados Unidos ilegalmente por mucho tiempo que haberse quedado muy poco y por circunstancias excepcionales. En este à ºltimo caso el oficial de Inmigracià ³n podrà ­a considerar que la respuesta adecuada es permitir una retirada de la peticià ³n de ingreso.  La intencià ³n del extranjero de violar las leyes migratorias y las condiciones de la visa. Por ejemplo, si se tiene intencià ³n de casarse con un ciudadano y permanecer en EEUU cuando se llega a la frontera con una visa de turista se tendr en consideracià ³n si el error es de buena fe y producto de la ignorancia o si hay intencià ³n de violar la ley y cometer un fraude migratorio.Otro c aso es si el oficial de Inmigracià ³n considera que hay intencià ³n de trabajar con una visa que no lo permite, etc. La edad y la salud del extranjero y otras consideraciones humanitarias. Casos en los que el oficial de Inmigracià ³n decidir siempre expulsià ³n automtica Cuando se presentan documentos fraudulentos, falsos o de otra persona. Cuando se miente durante la inspeccià ³n migratoria con el fin de ocultar informacià ³n y asà ­ ingresar al paà ­s.Cuando se ha estado previamente en Estados Unidos y se ha cometido una violacià ³n migratoria grave, como por ejemplo, trabajar ilegalmente o estancias ilegales. Adems, si fueron  por un periodo grande de tiempo podrà ­a aplicar el castigo de los tres o de los diez aà ±os. Quà © hacer despuà ©s de un I-275 No se permite ingresar a Estados Unidos y habr que regresarse inmediatamente al paà ­s de origen.En ese momento la visa est cancelada Se puede solicitar a la Embajada o Consulado una nueva visa inmediatamente. En este caso llevar toda la documentacià ³n disponible, incluido el formulario I-275, donde se establece cul fue la causa por la que no se permitià ³ el ingreso. Tambià ©n llevar la declaracià ³n jurada que se firmà ³ cuando se acordà ³ retirar la peticià ³n de ingreso. Aunque no es necesario es altamente recomendable consultar con un abogado de inmigracià ³n antes de solicitar una nueva visa para asegurarse de que se sabe con exactitud la causa del problema y se resuelve. Por à ºltimo, tener en consideracià ³n que el oficial consular tiene la à ºltima palabra para decidir si aprueba la visa. Se puede solicitar, pero esto no quiere decir que la vayan a aprobar. Esto lo hay que tener en cuenta porque la cuota por la aplicacià ³n no se regresa jams, incluidos los casos en los que la visa no es aprobada. A tener en cuenta Una situacià ³n en la que I-275 acabe escrito sobre una visa puede suceder con cualquier clase de visado no inmigrante, no sà ³lo con las de turista, conocidas en algunos paà ­ses como de paseo o placer. Asimismo, puede pasar con una tarjeta de cruce (visa lser). Toma este test de respuestas mà ºltiples sobre la visa de turista para saber lo fundamental de cà ³mo solicitarla y cà ³mo conservarla. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Why did castles play such a key role both in the implementation of Essay

Why did castles play such a key role both in the implementation of rebellion by nobles and in its suppression by rulers between 1066 and 1224 - Essay Example They illustrate a key part of British history, particularly those that date from the early part of the Norman era and William the Conqueror’s rule as they are part of an era of political dissent and distrust of the crown. The rebellion of nobles against the crown, as exemplified by the Revolt of the Earls in 1075 and other acts of dissent, played a crucial role in the need for these castles, particularly as many were used to supress such uprisings. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role that castles played in the rebellions and their suppression, and the reason why they played such a crucial role in these events of history. It will also highlight the political importance of castles and their role in times of crisis, particularly with respect to who held control of these dominant buildings. In doing this, it will become clear why the Norman era is so inextricably linked with the huge surge in the number of castles that dominate the British landscape and why so many of these elements of history can be found still standing today. The first true British castles began to be built upon the Norman invasion of 1066 by William the Conqueror1.... As previously mentioned, the Norman invasion of England was not taken lightly by the aristocracy that already resided in the area, and William the Conqueror’s rule was marred by uprisings and rebellion by nobles, a hint at the struggles for political power to come in the next two centuries. One of the most significant struggles for power is known as the Revolt of the Earls, and occurred in 1075. Ralph de Gael, the Earl of Norfolk, and Roger de Breteuil, the Earl of Hereford, began to conspire to overthrow William as the King of England due to a number of conflicts, one involving the sanctioning of a marriage agreement4. Norwich Castle, one of the most important examples of Norman castle building efforts, was the site of Ralph’s efforts to remain protected during the rebellion, and for many months was successful in evading Norman involvement. However, Ralph returned to his native Brittany, leaving the castle in control of his wife, whereupon it became besieged and used f or protection of the Norman troops5. This early event in castle history shows how useful castles were to both uprising nobles and the reigning Norman leaders of the era, as the structures change political ownership as a reflection of power in the region6. Many English castles during the reign of William the Conqueror and subsequent kings were under the control of the reigning leader (royal castles) whilst the remainder were controlled by the aristocracy. This kind of conflicting control was not to stay static during the era, but a series of relocations of ownership through friendly and unfriendly requests was to occur.7 The castles themselves were additionally important because they were not simply standalone property, but

War as a Strategic Tool of Policy - To what extent did the outcome of Essay

War as a Strategic Tool of Policy - To what extent did the outcome of the 1973 Arab-Israeli war serve the political objectives o - Essay Example Also dubbed as the Yom Kippur war and war that was fought in the Holy Month of Ramadan as per Islamic Calendar (White 2012 ), thereby it was significant not just on account of political rivalry but it also had the share and touch of religious affiliations from both ends. It did not engulf just Israel and Palestine alone, rather it entangled other neighboring parts as well, namely Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. Although numerous other wars have been fought before and after as well, yet it is considered to be one of the greater events of war being fought after the Second World War, based on the reason that it entangled a complete region and the other world powers as well. Keywords: Golan Heights, oil embargo, Suez Canal, military might myth, bi polar world. Thesis statement: A war that was won on field by Israel, yet by Egypt and its allies on political table, setting course for new diplomatic relationships, political domination and new alliances, and ultimately further increasing the impor tance of the Arab region in the world. Impact of the war: The war being fought in October 1973, had long term repercussions, it had its impacts on the geopolitical dimension, the regional peace, the coexistence with one another, the territories re distribution, the role of each of the participant and various other factors, in short, the war that lasted n more than a few weeks had its impact over the next many years to come. The cause of the war was the hostility between the two sides, with the Arab bloc blaming Israel for taking the places that originally belonged to the Arab States. To settle the scores once for all, the states decided to launch a decisive offensive against the common enemy. Major players and their concerns: The war had direct participants in form of Egypt that had its horns locked with Israel over the Suez Canal; Palestine though did not participate directly, yet it had their issues based on the holy land of Jerusalem which was long being claimed as the place of t heir religious affiliation by the both sides. Syria had its interest locked in form of Golan Heights (Dunstan 2007, 21). Hence the major players were Israel, Syria and Egypt. The main disagreement arouse from the 1967 war (The Six Days war) which had left Israel single handed winner against the Arab states. Aiming to level the score, Egypt and Syria had planned surprise attack against Israel catching it off guard. The element of Cold War: Although the war directly involved Arab states and Israel, yet it had its roots deeply drawn in the external agents. These external agents came in form of the two super powers of the then bi-polar world that was visibly divided into the Capitalist bloc and the Soviet Union’s Socialist bloc (Garthoff 2001, 326). The cold war that started off right after the end of Second World War was an unconventional war where the battles were not fought head to head, rather through proxies and establishment of alliances and allies in different parts of the world. The Arab world was also part of the same world and hence was under the direct interest and focus of the two super powers. Israel had the backing of Capitalist state America, and Arab States, and the Arab bloc, and most dominantly Egypt had the shoulder and support of Soviet Republic over it. The associated was not just limited to backdoor diplomacy and assistance, rather officially declared ties,

Celebrity Endorsement In Malaysia Marketing Essay

Celebrity Endorsement In Malaysia Marketing Essay Advertising started to play an active role in advertising when it came to the development of society in the economy in the early 1930s. Celebrities acted as spokesperson, in order to advertise and promote a company products, services or ides. Those celebrities came from the art scene, modelling, sports as well as the entertainment industry (Kambitsis et.al., 2002). When a British actress Lillie Langtry appeared on a package on Pears Soap in 1893, she became the worlds first celebrity endorser. Since radio became commercial in the late 20s and television was introduced in the late 40s, celebrities started doing commercials (Sherman, 2010). Due to this, celebrity endorsement has become one of the most effective tools in attracting consumers. Almost every celebrity all around the world is doing commercials. For examples Jack Benny, an American actor and comedian endorsed Jell-O, a gelatin dessert product in the 30s and 40s, David Beckham with Pepsi, Soon Hye Kyo with Laneige, Ashwarya Rai with LOreal shampoo, Jackie Chan endorses Kaspersky, and many more. In Malaysia, celebrities have also been widely used in advertising. For example, Erra Fazira endorses Lux, Sarimah with Rejoice, Chef Wan with Vesawit and Siti Nurhaliza with Pepsi. This shows that by having celebrities to endorse a product it will not only increase the brand image but also the level of credibility and belief among consumers (Zabid et.al, 2002). Problem Statement Celebrity endorsement has become one of the most employed strategies in promoting a product or a service. This is because celebrities are well-known therefore; they will make the product that is being endorsed more noticeable. Even though this strategy is the most commonly use, there are some companies in Malaysia are still reluctant to use this strategy in promoting its product. Therefore, this research with the title The Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement in Malaysia will help the companies by answering questions regarding the topic. They are: What are relationship between advertising and celebrity endorsement? What are the factors that influence the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement? How effective is the implementation of celebrity endorsement in Malaysia? Research Objectives Based on the problem statements stated above, the research objectives are: To review the relationship between advertising and celebrity advertising. To analyze the factors that influences the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. To evaluate the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement in Malaysia. 2. Literature Review Relationship between Advertising and Celebrity Endorsement Advertising is defined as the promotion of a companys products and services to drive sales and also to communicate changes of new products or services to the customers (Buzzle.com, 2011). Advertising has become one of the essential elements in a business because it does not only help in increasing the sales of the product but also creating and maintaining its image among customers. There are various types of advertising that can be implemented by companies in order to promote its products and services. They are print advertising, outdoor advertising, public service advertising, surrogate advertising, covert advertising, broadcast advertising and celebrity advertising (Buzzle.com, 2011). Print advertising is a type of advertising that uses printing media such as newspapers, newsletters and magazines to convey its message to customers. On the other hand, outdoor advertising communicates its message through promotional display such as highway billboards, transit posters and arena placement (Wisegeek.com, 2011). According to Wisegeek.com (2011), Outdoor Advertising Association of America, Inc. (OAAC) had stated that businesses spent $5.8 billion dollars on outdoor advertising in 2004. Public service advertising is an advertising technique that conveys socially relevant messages regarding important matter and social welfare causes like poverty, and deforestation (Buzzle.com, 2011). Meanwhile, surrogate advertising is defined as the process of duplicating the brand image of one product extensively in order to promote another product of the same brand (Panda, 2005). For example, companies that produce cigarettes or alcohol which are prohibited by law in some country have t o come up with other products of the same brand in order to remind people about their existence in the market (Buzzle.com, 2011). According to Targeting-Marketing.com (2011), covert advertising is presently is the hottest trend in promoting a product. Covert advertising is a type of advertising that incorporated in some entertainment and media channels such as movies, sports and TV shows in order to reach its customers. Some of the examples are the appearance on Nokia N97 in I Gotta Feelin' music video by Black Eyed Peas, and the sponsorship of an America TV show F.R.I.E.N.D.S. by Nescafe. Another type of advertising is broadcast advertising. Broadcast advertising is a type of advertising that uses medium such as television, radio and internet to convey its message to the people. This is the most popular advertising technique because it enables the company to reach a wider audience. On the other hand, celebrity advertising is the use of a celebrity or a public figure for the purpose of selling products or services. According to McCracken (1989), celebrity endorsement is defined as a personality who benefits from public recognition and utilizes this acknowledgment on behalf of a consumer product by endorsing it to the public (McCracken, 1989). In short, a celebrity is someone who is well-known due to his/her achievement especially in areas of entertainment such as films, music, writing, or sport. There are two forms of celebrity advertising; celebrity license and celebrity endorsement (Mistry, 2006). Compared to celebrity license, celebrity endorsement is the most widely used strategy in promoting products and services today. Celebrity endorsement is when celebrities give his/her expert opinion regarding the product, become the spokesperson for a product, or just being associated with a particular product (Seno and Lucas, 2007). However, according to Kamins (1989) celebrity endorsement may also include the non-celebrities such as a typical consumer, a product professional expert, or a company pr esident. Typical consumer endorser is an ordinary person who has no special knowledge regarding the product but has already purchased and used the product beforehand. On the other hand, a product expert is a person or a group that possesses a superior knowledge regarding the product (Zabid et.al., 2002). Celebrity vs. Non-Celebrity Effectiveness According to Seno and Lucas (2007), a research has found that compared to other type of endorsers such as typical consumer and the professional expert, celebrities are the most effective individual to attract customers. In contrast, Tom et.al (1992) said that non-celebrities endorsers are more effective compared to celebrity endorsers. This is because with non-celebrity endorsers, it enables the company to control and create the characters that is appropriate for the product and the target audience. Besides that, these characters are not allowed to endorse any other product. On the other hand, celebrity endorsers had already created their own characters therefore; the company is unable to control them. Differences were found in the cognitive responses. However, there is no statistically significant difference in attitudes towards advertising and the intention of purchasing the endorsed product in the celebrity and non-celebrity endorsement (Mehta 1994). Factors that affect the Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement There are number of factors that influence the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. Examples of the factors are celebrity performance, celebrity attractiveness, celebrity credibility, celebrity information, multiple endorsements, celebrity popularity, celebrity availability, celebrity-product match, and many more. However, in this research only some of these factors will be discussed. Celebrity Performance In the context of this research, celebrity performance refers to the achievement of the celebrity in their chosen profession. This could refer to the success of the celebrity in music or movies, the performance level of athlete in sports and many more. When a celebrity fails to perform in acceptably by consumers, the effectiveness of the endorsement tends to decline (Agrawal and Kamakura, 1995). In contrast, if the celebrity performance is increasing, the effectiveness of the endorsement will also increase. Celebrity Information Since there is always a pairing between the brand and the celebrity established by consumers, negative information regarding the celebrity may affect the brand negatively (Erdogan and Baker, 2000). For example, Tiger Wood is always known as the endorser of Nike. However, due to a series of news report about his personal life, Nike lost over four percent of its aggregate market value (Knittel and Stango, 2009). This shows that a negative perception about a celebrity will decrease the level of the effectiveness of the endorsement. Hence, it will lead to a loss for the company. Celebrity Attractiveness Chao et.al (2005) has stated that celebrity attractiveness in one of the factor that can determine the successfulness of celebrity endorsement. According to Kahle and Homer (1985), physically attractive endorsers are generally viewed and more preferable by consumers compared to the less attractive endorsers. Hence, by having attractive celebrity endorsers, it will increase the effectiveness of the celebrity endorsement. For example, when Laneige decided to change its endorser from Jeon Ji Hyun to a prettier and famous Korean actress, awareness of the existence of the brand starts to increase among consumers. This leads to an increase in sales of the product (Amore Pacific Corporation, 2009). Celebrity Credibility The most important aspect in celebrity endorsement is credibility. According to Miciak and Shanklin (1994), a research made among 43 advertisement agencies and companies, it is believed that the most important scope of credibility are trustworthiness and the expertise of the celebrity with the product that is being endorsed. For example, with the credibility of Amitabh Bachchans, Cadburys business which was declining due to the controversy has been revived and back on track (Taleja, 2010). Multiple Endorsements There are two cases of multiple endorsements that are always been debated. They are 1) a single brand hiring multiple celebrities and 2) a single celebrity endorsing multiple brands. For example, Britney Spears, consumers may remember her as Pepsis endorser but they might not remember her as McDonalds or Toyota Vioss endorser in 2000. Another example of multiple endorsements is Clear for Men uses Christiano Ronaldo and Rain as endorsers. Celebrity-Product Match The celebrity-product match/fit is also known as the match-up hypothesis. It refers to the synchronization of the match between the celebrity endorser and the product that is being endorsed (Till and Busler, 2000). According to Friedman et.al (1978), Erdogan and Baker (2000), and Till and Busler (2000), celebrity-product fit is the key function of the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement. This is because with the right celebrity with the right personality, the message can be convey to the consumers effectively. For example, Pepsis target market is the youth. Therefore, by sponsoring Michael Jackson World concert in 1993, Pepsi is able to reach its target market easily. Research Methodology 3.1 Theoretical Framework Figure 1: Factors that Influences the Effectiveness of Celebrity Endorsement 3.2 Path Analysis The main purpose of this research is to analyze the factors the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement in Malaysia. From the literature review above, it is found that there are 6 main factors that influence the effectiveness of implementing celebrity endorsement strategy to attract customers. By understanding these factors, the effectiveness can be identified. Hence, the effectiveness of the implementation of this strategy Malaysia can be investigated. 3.3 Research Design 3.4 Data Collection Data is the most crucial element needed in making a research. This is because without the presence of relevant data, the objectives and purpose of a research cannot be met easily. There are two types of data; primary data and secondary data. Primary data is the original or first-hand material that has not been interpreted by anyone before. It can be further divided into two categories; qualitative data and quantitative data. Qualitative data is described as data that can be categorized according to its characteristics such as gender and nationality. On the other hand, quantitative data (also known as numerical data) are data that can be measured on a numerical scale. Secondary data is the information collected from other resources such as books, journals, review articles, and newspaper which is related to the research.   For this research, primary data can be obtained through questionnaires, focus group or observation. Questionnaire is a set of questions given to respondents in order to get data which is related to the research topic. On the other hand, focus group is a form of  qualitative research  in which a group of people are asked about their perceptions, opinions, beliefs and attitudes towards a product, service, concept, advertisement, idea, or packaging (Henderson, 2009). Meanwhile, observation refers to a technique in which the behaviour of research subjects is watched and recorded without any direct contact.The most effective primary research for this study is questionnaire. This is because questionnaires enable researcher to obtain data from the target group efficiently. In the questionnaire, the questions are designed as open ended questions and close ended questions. Open ended questions are questions that required the respondents to attach their opinion towards the question. Meanwhile, the close ended questions required the respondents to choose, or rate the questions accordingly. For this topic, both questions are suggested to be asked in the questionnaire. By having these two types of questions in this questionnaire, it enables researcher to collect information containing both qualitative and quantitative data. However, there is no primary research has been done by the researcher yet. Therefore, no primary data are available. For secondary research, data are obtained from journals, books, and website published by others. In developing this research, number of journals, articles, books and websites has been referred. However, only some of them are used in developing this research. 3.5 Sample This research focuses on the sampling group of young adult and adult from the age of 18 to 35 years old. This range has been chosen because they are the group of people who always make their own decision on purchasing a product or service. Besides that, this range is chosen because they are the group of people who are always be influenced by the celebrities. By having them as the target segment, research can be done easily and effectively. 3.6 Measures In this research, the measurement scales that are selected are the likert scale and the nominal scale. According to Proctor (2003), nominal scale enables an object to be placed in one and only one of a set of mutually exclusive classes with no implied ordering such as gender; male or female. On the other hand, likert scale is a scaling method that describes the quantitative value to qualitative data in order to make it amenable to statistical analysis such as strongly agree, agree, neutral, disagree and strongly disagree (BusinessDictionary.com, 2011). For this research,  the nominal scale is used to measure the age and gender of the targeted respondents and the likert scale is used to measure the consumers perception towards celebrity endorsement. 3.7 Limitation Due to the nature of this research, it has to be said that the research could have been done more accurately if more resources for example text book could be obtain to support the research. This research title is very limited in text book provided in KBU College Library but there are more in the Emerald Insight website. In order to obtain quality journals from there, users are recommended to pay the membership fee online. However, KBU does offer student the access to Emerald Insight website because the college had already paid the fee, but students are allowed to access to the website within the college premises. Furthermore, this research only used secondary data collection. Most of the secondary data come from other authors opinion gain from their findings. So, the opinions from other authors do not mean they are aligned with the entire populations opinions in this world. Due to this problem, the accuracy of this research had reduced. Besides that, due to the limited time, no primary research has been done. Hence, all information available in this research does not meet the purpose of this research which is to study the effectiveness of celebrity endorsement in Malaysia. Ethical Consideration Before conducting the research, a researcher has to make sure that the research topic, objectives and benefits are clearly explain to avoid the deception on the research. Besides that, all the information given by the respondents such as name, age, contact number and home address are private and confidential. Hence they must be protected and cannot be reveled or sold elsewhere. Respondents are also allowed to not to provide their details or information before answering the questions to protect their privacy if forced. Time scale

Hasbro Case Study †Ethical Behavior Essay

In the aftermath of Tyco’s executive scandal in the early 2000’s, Ed Breen and Tyco’s newly elected management team were vital elements to the repair of Tyco’s corporate social responsibility and company image. During this time, Tyco International began focusing on the repair of internal weaknesses and devised several initiatives to improve their image and reform their values. During Tyco’s reform period they focused on multiple goals and company-wide achievements. Governance, customers, growth, teamwork and culture, operational excellence, and financial strength and flexibility were analyzed, scrutinized, and revamped. Tyco’s new vision: â€Å"To be our customers first choice in every market we serve by exceeding commitments, providing new technology solutions, leveraging our diverse brands, driving operational excellence, and committing to the highest standards of business practices-all of which will drive Tyco’s long-term growth, value, and success. † (About Tyco: Tyco International) Supporting diversity in today’s global commerce is imperative to maintaining a competitive advantage. Tyco realizes this strategy and has developed their own innovative diversity initiatives to increase stakeholder value and strengthen their brand image. In 2010, Tyco International launched a diversity roadmap that developed strategies to increase the level of purchases from small businesses owned by minorities and women. Our goal is to increase the number of diverse suppliers, increase the amount we spend with diverse suppliers, and include diverse suppliers in our sourcing initiatives. We are dedicated to building a strong community and driving diverse suppliers to sustain themselves well into the 21st century. Participation in diversity events also enables us to network, learn and share best practices with other corporations that have strong commitments to supplier diversity. (Corporate Citizenship: Tyco International) As part of Tyco’s revolution to improve teamwork and culture, the company implemented a career development planning process. Training options are designed to suite every Tyco employee varietal. Training options range from on site specialists and mentors to paced e-learning and instructor led classes. â€Å"Our businesses ensure that our employees keep pace with the ever changing technical skill requirements of their jobs through the development of functional career paths and customized training plans. Our performance management process is also key to the development of our people. It drives on-the-job learning by ensuring that all employees establish both performance and development goals each year† (2010 Annual Review & Corporate Responsibility Report: Employee Learning & Development) Aside from the many internal reform practices, Tyco has taken great measures to positively impact external factors within our environment. Energy conservation and waste reduction have been elemental in Tyco’s repair of corporate social responsibility. In 2008, Tyco incorporated its own environmental committee to ensure compliance and inspire new environment protection and conservation goals. † (2010 Annual Review & Corporate Responsibility Report: Environmental Goals) Tyco called its new environmental campaign â€Å"Vital World. † The specific focus of â€Å"Vital World† is monitoring and improving efforts to reduce water waste, decrease green house gas emission, and maximize fuel efficiency. Plans to use the most innovative, energy saving components for new facilities is just another way Tyco plans to reduce its carbon footprint. Tyco is making certain that the global environmental goals and initiatives that are created remain relevant and compliant. Tyco is raising the bar on environmental protection efforts and seeks to exceed government standards by developing a higher set of regulatory policies. â€Å"To ensure the compliance of environmental objectives, Tyco developed a comprehensive compliance program in 2004. Compliance components include self audits and assessments with a corrective action tracking system. Tyco’s audits are benchmarked against national laws and regulations to uphold the highest standards. Tyco facilities throughout the world have earned external environment, health and safety recognition through rigorous international registration programs such as ISO 14001and OSHAS 18001 and national standards such as the U. S. Department of Labor’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration Voluntary Protection Program (VPP). † (2010 Annual Review & Corporate Responsibility Report: Compliance) We are all stakeholders in Tyco when you take a look at the company’s 3 business segments, Covidien (formerly Tyco Healthcare), Tyco Electronics, and Tyco International. Tyco’s security solutions protect nearly 7 million homes, 50 of the top U. S. Banks, 300 International Airports, and 80% of the top global retailers. Every day customers in more than 60 countries rely on Tyco’s fire protection business to help protect lives and property on land and sea. Tyco’s flow control business is a leading manufacturer and marketer of valves and controls, water & environmental systems, and thermal control solutions for multiple industries. † (Our Businesses: Security Solutions) After researching Tyco, our group realized that Tyco’s companies and many product lines have affected some detail in each of our lives. Whether you’ve ever been in the hospital or flown the friendly skies; you have experienced an extension of Tyco International. In short, Tyco protects the world’s most vital elements: people, assets, and the environment. Our group, also classified as Tyco stakeholders, feel that Tyco has reclaimed the title of a reputable and successful corporation. In the last decade, Tyco has demonstrated many achievements of corporate social responsibility and shows no sign of losing that objective.

Impact Of The Public Sector On National Welfare Services

Introduction â€Å"[M]ore than US$ 100 billion is spent globally on health research each year. About half of this is in the private sector†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (WHO 2013, p. 45). This statement in the report of World Health Organization (WHO) shows how important the public sector is in health policies and health researches nowadays. Since 1970, many reforms and changes in social policy have been brought up to respond to the increasing role of business demands in national policy (Farnsworth and Holden 2006). According to Farnsworth and Holden (2006), the shift of policy makers’ concerns to national competitiveness, the impact of globalisation, the influence of business concepts in the welfare management, and the introduction of the public sector in national welfare services are the main factors indicating how the corporate sector gains more influence in the policy process. To identify the corporate power in different levels of decision-making, Farnsworth and Holden (2006) suggest tha t the division between structure and agency will be beneficial for clarifying the variable aspects of corporate power in regards to the different in policy processes and areas. Alcohol industry, one of significant corporate sectors in global economy, is a very interesting industry in applying the division between structure and agency to analyse the increasing influence of the commercial sector in health policy. On the ground that the market share of alcohol industry based on top 10 companies had increased rapidly fromShow MoreRelatedChild Welfare Services Is A Social Work1740 Words   |  7 Pagesneglect in 2011 (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2012). 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Industrial Revolution Essay - 799 Words

Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or a curse? Starting in 18th century Great Britain, the Industrial Revolution, sparked a change in industry that is still present today. The Industrial Revolution was a great blessing to society, with innovations in consumer goods, medicine, housing and sanitation, the revolution changed the course of history for the good. The Industrial revolution was a period in which Great Britain became rapidly less rural and became more urban and mechanized. â€Å"The technological changes included the following: the use of new basic materials, chiefly iron and steel, the use of new energy sources, including both fuels and motive power, such as coal, the steam engine, electricity, petroleum, and the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"People worked fourteen to sixteen hours a day for six days a week. However, the majority were unskilled workers, who only received about $8-$10 dollars a week, working at approximately 10 cents an hour† (Poddar, 2017). The living conditions were not much better, â€Å"five to nine people lived in a single room which was as big as an apartment. Not only was there not enough room, but more people got sick as well. Because everyone lived in terrible conditions and so close to one another, diseases spread rapidly† (Poddar, 2017). However, the Industrial Revolution brought us many societal advancements that changed the course of history, one of these advancements was the rise of factories. Factories replaced the domestic system, where individual workers used hand tools or other machinery to create goods in their own homes. Having factory produced goods enabled citizens to purchase goods at a low price, as well as get goods that weren’t readily available before the revolution. 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